Izvleček / Abstract
OBVLADOVANJA JAVNIH IZDATKOV ZA ZDRAVILA V DRŽAVAH EVROPSKE UNIJE
THE COST CONTAINMENT FOR PUBLIC PHARMACEUTICAL EXPENDITURES IN EUROPEAN UNION
Dr. Mejra Festić, docentka
Univerza v Mariboru, Ekonomsko-poslovna fakulteta
Izvleček
UDK: 338.58:614.27(4)
Ukrepi zniževanja javnih izdatkov za zdravila morajo biti usmerjeni na vse udeležence farmacevtskega trga. Za znižanje javnih izdatkov za zdravila je treba kombinirati več ukrepov, in sicer: omejevanje profitnih stopenj proizvajalcev in vračila v »nacionalni zdravstveni sklad«, doplačila bolnikov in vzpodbujanje zdravstvene preventive, predvsem pa oblikovanje modela za določanje cen novih zdravil ob upoštevanju farmakoekonomskih raziskav za posamezna zdravila in upoštevanje vloge človeškega dejavnika ter lokalno omejevanje proračunov zdravnikov itd. Cene zdravil se lahko oblikujejo svobodno, lahko se fiksirajo ali oblikujejo po principu stroškovne učinkovitosti, po principu nadzora dobičkov proizvajalcev zdravil ali po sistemu referenčnih cen. Referenčne cene se spreminjajo glede na cene vseh primerljivih zdravil v skupini in glede na cene v izbranih referenčnih državah. Sistem referenčnih cen krni raziskave in razvoj novih zdravil. Prav tako sistem referenčnih cen ni uspel dokončno znižati javnih izdatkov za zdravila.
Ključne besede: povpraševanje, ponudba, farmacevtski trg, referenčne cene, doplačila, kombinacija ukrepov.
UDC: 338.58:614.27(4)
The measures for lowering public drug expenditures should be oriented on all actors of the pharmaceutical market. In order to lower public drug expenditures it is neccessary to combine multiple cost containment measures, like: limiting of producer's profits and re-payment in »National Healt Funds« in case of exceeding profit limits, co-payment of patients and increasing role of health preventive, introducement of drugs price 's model that takes into account the farmacoeconomic studies and the importance of human factor, limiting budgets of doctors etc. The prices of medicines can be formed freely, or they could be fixed, or they could be made in accordance with the principle of cost efficiency and also the strategies of producers' profit control and the reference pricing system could be used. At reimbursement method for pharmaceuticals products by which interchangeable drugs are clustered together; the payer reimburses a single reference price for any product in the cluster. The reference pricing system represents a threat to research and development of innovative medicines in the long run. The reference pricing system failed to achieve permanently its primary goal – the reduction in overall health care costs.
Key words: demand side, supply side of the pharmaceutical market, reference pricing, co-payment, a combination of cost-containment measures.