Izvleček / Abstract
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN THE TRADE SECTOR IN CROATIA
DIREKTNE TUJE INVESTICIJE V HRVAŠKEM TRGOVINSKEM SEKTORJU
Ivan-Damir Anić, Ph.D., Research Fellow
The Institute of Economics, Zagreb
Radmila Jovančević, Ph.D., Prof.
University of Zagreb, Faculty of Economics
Abstract
UDC: 339.727.22:339.33(497.5)
This paper examines foreign direct investments (FDI) in the trade sector in Croatia. The research results indicate that FDI inflows had a profound impact on the Croatian trade sector. Authors found that there was a strong positive link between foreign green-field investments and gross fixed capital formation in the sector. The regression coefficient of 6.13 implies that for every HRK 1 increase in foreign green-field investments, the gross fixed capital formation would increase by HRK 6.13. Fierce foreign competition contributed to the convergence of business practices among companies, fast development of large stores, and dynamic structural changes within the sector. According to the authors’ findings, the main reasons why foreign retail and wholesale companies invested in Croatia were its favourable geographical and cultural proximity to EU countries, low inflation, and stable exchange rate. The factors that most affect financial performance in the Croatian market are close relationships with suppliers, attractive pricing, financial control and monitoring, as well as stores and product design.
Key words: Croatia, trade sector, foreign direct investment, internationalisation, motives, competition, success factors, strategy
UDC: 339.727.22:339.33(497.5)
V članku razpravljamo o neposrednih tujih naložbah (FDI) v trgovinskem sektorju na Hrvaškem. Raziskovalni rezultati kažejo, da tokovi neposrednih tujih naložb v Hrvaško močno vplivajo na hrvaški trgovinski sektor. Med tujimi "green-field" naložbami in bruto naložbami v tem sektorju obstaja močna pozitivna povezava. Regresijski koeficient 6,13 pomeni, da se za vsako kuno povečanja tujih "green-field" naložb povečajo hrvaške bruto naložbe v trgovinskem sektorju za 6,13 kun. Ostra tuja konkurenca je prispevala k zbliževanju poslovne prakse med podjetji, k hitremu razvoju velikih trgovin in dinamičnim strukturnim spremembam v tem sektorju. Ugotovitve avtorjev kažejo, da so glavni razlogi za vlaganje tujih specializiranih in grosističnih podjetij na Hrvaškem naslednji: ugodna geografska lega in kulturna bližina državam Evropske unije, nizka inflacija in stabilen devizni tečaj. Med dejavnike, ki najbolj vplivajo na finančno uspešnost na hrvškem trgu, pa so: tesno sodelovanje z dobavitelji, privlačne cene, finančni nadzor in opazovanje ter oblikovanje (design) proizvodov in trgovin.
Ključne besede: Hrvaška, trgovina, neposredne tuje investicije, internacionalizacija, motivi, tekmovanje, dejavniki uspeha, strategija